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1.
Cad. Saúde Pública (Online) ; 35(10): e00151318, 2019. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1039390

ABSTRACT

Abstract: Gain- and loss-framed messages about smoking behavior have commonly been used to promote cessation. However, there are still no clear conclusions as to what kind of message is more effective for motivating smokers to quit. This study compared the effectiveness of loss- and gain-framed messages in the online recruitment of smokers via Facebook Advertising. Loss- and gain-framed messages about smoking were created and released as Facebook ads. Users who clicked on the ads were automatically redirected to the "Live Without Tobacco" intervention (http://www.vivasemtabaco.com.br). The amount spent on the ads was BRL 647.64. Data were collected from the Facebook Ads platform and from a relational database. Analyses were performed on the 6,350 users who clicked on one of the ads and 1,731 who were successfully redirected to the intervention. Gain-framed ads reached 174,029 people and loss-framed ads reached 180,527. The former received 2,688 clicks, while the latter received 3,662. The cost of the click was BRL 0.12 per gain-framed ad and BRL 0.09 per loss-framed ad. Loss-framed ads reached more users, got more clicks (and website accesses), and led to more accounts and quit plans being created. Loss-framed messages about smoking appear to be more cost-effective for both initial recruitment and intervention engagement. Facebook has proven to be a good outreach and recruitment tool and can be a solution for the difficulty in reaching smokers for cessation interventions.


Resumo: A cessação do tabagismo tem sido promovida através de mensagens positivas, focadas em ganhos, e negativas, focadas em perdas. Entretanto, ainda não há conclusões claras sobre o tipo de medida mais eficaz na motivação dos fumantes para deixar de fumar. O estudo comparou a efetividade das mensagens negativas e positivas no recrutamento online de fumantes através de anúncios no Facebook. Mensagens negativas e positivas sobre o tabagismo foram criadas e divulgadas pelo Facebook Ads. Ao clicar nos anúncios, os usuários eram automaticamente direcionados para a intervenção "Viva Sem Tabaco" (http://www.vivasemtabaco.com.br). O valor gasto na divulgação foi de BRL 647,64. Os dados foram extraídos da plataforma de anúncios do Facebook e de uma base de dados relacionais. As análises foram realizadas para os 6.350 usuários que clicaram em um dos anúncios e para os 1.731 usuários que foram redirecionados para a intervenção. Os anúncios positivos atingiram 174.029 pessoas e os negativos 180.527, que foram convertidas em 2.688 e 3.662 cliques, respectivamente. O custo do clique foi de BRL 0,12 para os anúncios positivos e de BRL 0,09 para os negativos. Os anúncios negativos atingiram mais usuários, receberam mais cliques no site e tiveram maior conversão em número de contas e planos de cessação criados. As mensagens sobre as perdas associadas com o tabagismo parecem ser mais custo-eficazes, tanto no recrutamento quanto no engajamento dos fumantes na intervenção. O Facebook mostrou ser uma boa ferramenta de divulgação e recrutamento e pode ser uma solução para a dificuldade de alcançar fumantes para intervenções de cessação.


Resumen: Los anuncios resaltados sobre los efectos del tabaco se han utilizado para luchar contra el tabaquismo. No obstante, todavía no existen conclusiones claras sobre qué tipo de mensaje es el más efectivo para motivar a los fumadores a dejar este hábito. Este estudio comparó la efectividad de anuncios resaltados sobre los beneficios de dejar de fumar y otros sobre los perjuicios del tabaquismo para una campaña de captación de fumadores en línea a través de Facebook Advertising. Estos anuncios fueron creados y divulgados mediante Facebook Ads. Los usuarios que hicieron clic en los anuncios fueron automáticamente redirigidos a la intervención "Vive sin Tabaco" (http://www.vivasemtabaco.com.br). La cantidad invertida para su difusión fue BRL 647.64. Los datos se recogieron de la plataforma Facebook Ads y de una base de datos relacional. Los análisis se realizaron con 6.350 fumadores que hicieron clic en uno de los anuncios y con los 1.731 que fueron redirigidos a la intervención. Los anuncios sobre los beneficios de dejar de fumar llegaron a 174.029 personas y los relativos a los perjuicios a 180.527, que se convirtieron en 2.688 y 3.662 clics, respectivamente. El coste del clic fue BRL 0.12 para los anuncios sobre los beneficios de dejar de fumar y BRL 0.09 en el caso de los que subrayaban los perjuicios. Estos últimos alcanzaron a más usuarios, tuvieron más clics en la página web, y existió una conversión más grande entre el número de cuentas y planes creados para dejar de fumar. Asimismo, estos anuncios se muestran como más costo efectivos, tanto para la captación, como para la implicación de fumadores en esta intervención. Facebook ha demostrado ser una buena herramienta de alcance y captación y puede ser una solución para evitar la dificultad de llegar a fumadores en intervenciones de lucha contra el tabaquismo.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Young Adult , Smoking Cessation/methods , Social Media/instrumentation , Smoking Prevention/methods , Smokers/statistics & numerical data , Brazil , Cross-Sectional Studies , Surveys and Questionnaires , Smoking Cessation/economics , Smoking Cessation/statistics & numerical data , Advertising , Internet , Social Media/economics , Social Media/statistics & numerical data , Smoking Prevention/economics , Smoking Prevention/statistics & numerical data , Middle Aged
2.
Salud pública Méx ; 59(supl.1): 54-62, 2017. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-846082

ABSTRACT

Resumen: Objetivo: Caracterizar el deseo de cesación y disposición al pago por una terapia de abandono de consumo de tabaco. Material y métodos: La fuente de los datos es la Encuesta Mundial de Tabaco en Adultos (EMTA). Se caracterizó la cesación y la disposición al pago mediante variables sociodemográficas (SOD) y socioeconómicas (SES). Se realizaron regresiones logísticas para estimar asociaciones. Resultados: El mayor deseo de cesación se observó en las mujeres, aspecto educativo, empleado no gubernamental e inactivo, zona rural, fumadores ocasionales, ingresos medios y la mayor disposición al pago, en educación, mayores de 60 años, empleado no gubernamental y cuenta propia, zona urbana, fumadores ocasionales e ingreso medio bajo. Conclusiones: Existe una alta relación entre el deseo de abandono y la disposición al pago con las variables SOD y SES. Las terapias de cesación pueden aplicarse en centros de trabajo y exigen un cambio de enfoque en la intervención.


Abstract: Objective: To characterize the desire for cessation and willingness to pay for abandonment therapy. Materials and methods: The data source is the Global Adult Tobacco Survey (GATS). Cessation and willingness to pay were characterized by sociodemographic (SD) and socioeconomic (SE) variables. Logistic regressions were performed to estimate associations. Results: A greater desire for cessation was observed in variables: women, education, non-governmental and inactive employees, rural areas, occasional smokers and middle income, and greater willingness to pay, in: education, over 60 years old, non-governmental, self-employed, urban area, occasional smokers and low median income. Conclusions: There is a high relation between the desire for abandonment, and willingness to pay with SD and SE variables. Cessation therapies can be applied in work centers, and require a change of focus in the intervention.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Attitude to Health , Smoking Cessation/economics , Smoking Cessation/psychology , Panama , Socioeconomic Factors
3.
Rev. gaúch. enferm ; 38(4): e2017-27, 2017.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, BDENF | ID: biblio-901693

ABSTRACT

Resumo OBJETIVO Compreender a vivência de ex-fumantes acerca da manutenção da abstinência do tabaco. MÉTODOS Pesquisa qualitativa que utilizou o referencial teórico-metodológico da Fenomenologia Social de Alfred Schütz. Realizou-se a entrevista fenomenológica em 2016 com 12 ex-fumantes de um município de Minas Gerais, Brasil. Os depoimentos foram organizados em categorias e discutidos com base na literatura. RESULTADOS A manutenção da abstinência do tabaco foi revelada nas categorias: "Ganhos na saúde, sociabilidade e finanças"; "Convívio com a vontade de fumar e com o aumento do peso corpóreo"; "Autodeterminação e utilização de estratégias substitutivas" e "Manter-se longe do cigarro". CONCLUSÕES Estes resultados alertam os profissionais de saúde para a necessidade de apoiar ex-fumantes a manter-se nesta condição. Isso implica considerar não só os efeitos negativos da abstinência tabágica, como também o contexto social em que o ex-fumante está inserido, que poderá influenciar na manutenção ou não da abstinência do cigarro.


Resumen OBJETIVOS Comprender la experiencia de ex-fumadores con respecto a mantener la abstinencia al tabaco. MÉTODOS Investigación cualitativa que utilizó la Fenomenología Social de Alfred Schütz. Se llevó a cabo la entrevista fenomenológica en 2016 con 12 ex-fumadores de una ciudad de Minas Gerais, Brasil. Los testimonios fueron organizados en categorías y discutidos con base en la literatura. RESULTADOS Se revelaron las categorías: "Las ganancias em la salud, la sociabilidad y la financiación"; "La convivencia com el deseo de fumar y aumento del peso corporal"; "La autodeterminación y el uso de estrategias sustitutivas" y "Para permanecer fuera de los cigarrillos". CONCLUSIONES Estos resultados llaman la atención de los profesionales de la salud hacia la necesidad de apoyar a los ex-fumadores parapermanecer libres de tabaco. Esto implica considerar no sólo los efectos negativos de la abstinencia de fumar sino el contexto social en el que se inserta el ex-fumador, el cualpuede influir en el mantenimiento o no de la abstinencia al cigarrillo.


Abstract OBJECTIVE To understand the experience of former smokers maintaining tobacco abstinence. METHODS Qualitative research using the theoretical-methodological reference of the Social Phenomenology, as defined by Alfred Schütz. The phenomenological interview was carried out in 2016 with 12 former smokers from a city in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. The statements were organized into categories and discussed based on the literature. RESULTS The maintenance of tobacco abstinence was revealed in the categories: "Health, sociability, and financial gains"; "Living with the urge to smoke and with the increase of body weight"; "Self-determination and use of replacement strategies"; and "Staying away from cigarettes." CONCLUSIONS These results alert health professionals to the need to provide support to former smokers so they can remain smoke-free. This implies considering not only the negative effects of the tobacco abstinence, but also the social context in which former smokers are inserted that might have an impact on the maintenance or not of the cigarette withdrawal.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Smoking Cessation/psychology , Smokers/psychology , Brazil , Weight Gain , Cognitive Behavioral Therapy , Smoking Cessation/economics , Smoking Cessation/statistics & numerical data , Nurse's Role , Personal Autonomy , Qualitative Research , Tobacco Use Cessation Devices , Middle Aged , Motivation
5.
Rev. saúde pública (Online) ; 50: 66, 2016. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-962186

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To assess the costs of the Smoking Cessation Program in the Brazilian Unified Health System and estimate the cost of its full implementation in a Brazilian municipality. METHODS The intensive behavioral therapy and treatment for smoking cessation includes consultations, cognitive-behavioral group therapy sessions, and use of medicines. The costs of care and management of the program were estimated using micro-costing methods. The full implementation of the program in the municipality of Goiania, Goias was set as its expansion to meet the demand of all smokers motivated to quit in the municipality that would seek care at Brazilian Unified Health System. We considered direct medical and non-medical costs: human resources, medicines, consumables, general expenses, transport, travels, events, and capital costs. We included costs of federal, state, and municipal levels. The perspective of the analysis was that from the Brazilian Unified Health System. Sensitivity analysis was performed by varying parameters concerning the amount of activities and resources used. Data sources included a sample of primary care health units, municipal and state secretariats of health, and the Brazilian Ministry of Health. The costs were estimated in Brazilian Real (R$) for the year of 2010. RESULTS The cost of the program in Goiania was R$429,079, with 78.0% regarding behavioral therapy and treatment of smoking. The cost per patient was R$534, and, per quitter, R$1,435. The full implementation of the program in the municipality of Goiania would generate a cost of R$20.28 million to attend 35,323 smokers. CONCLUSIONS The Smoking Cessation Program has good performance in terms of cost per patient that quit smoking. In view of the burden of smoking in Brazil, the treatment for smoking cessation must be considered as a priority in allocating health resources.


RESUMO OBJETIVO Analisar os custos do Programa de Tratamento do Tabagismo no Sistema Único de Saúde e estimar o custo de sua implementação plena em um município brasileiro. MÉTODOS A abordagem intensiva e tratamento do tabagismo engloba consultas, sessões de terapia cognitivo-comportamental em grupo e uso de medicamentos. Os custos do atendimento e gerenciamento do programa foram estimados utilizando a metodologia do microcusteio. A implementação plena do programa no município de Goiânia, Goiás, foi definida como sua expansão para suprir a demanda de todos os fumantes motivados a parar de fumar no município que seriam atendidos pelo Sistema Único de Saúde. Foram considerados custos médicos e não médicos diretos: recursos humanos, medicamentos, material de consumo, despesas gerais, transporte, viagens, eventos e custos de capital. Foram incluídos custos dos níveis federal, estadual e municipal de gestão. A perspectiva da análise foi a do Sistema Único de Saúde. Análise de sensibilidade foi realizada variando parâmetros referentes à quantidade de atividades e aos recursos utilizados. As fontes de dados incluíram uma amostra de unidades de saúde da Atenção Primária, secretarias de saúde municipal e estadual e Ministério da Saúde. Os custos foram estimados em reais (R$) para o ano de 2010. RESULTADOS O custo do programa em Goiânia foi de R$429.079, sendo 78,0% referentes à abordagem e tratamento do tabagismo. O custo por paciente foi de R$534 e, por paciente que deixou de fumar, de R$1.435. A implementação plena do programa no município de Goiânia geraria custo de R$20,28 milhões, para atender 35.323 fumantes. CONCLUSÕES O Programa de Tratamento do Tabagismo tem bom desempenho em termos de custo por paciente que deixa de fumar. Tendo em vista a carga do tabagismo no Brasil, o tratamento para cessação de fumar deve ser considerado prioritário ao se programar a alocação de recursos de saúde.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adolescent , Smoking Cessation/economics , Costs and Cost Analysis , Brazil , Smoking Cessation/methods , Cost-Benefit Analysis , Smoking Prevention , National Health Programs
6.
Dental press j. orthod. (Impr.) ; 20(2): 83-89, Mar-Apr/2015. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-745861

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: One of the advantages of cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) is the possibility of obtaining images of conventional lateral cephalograms derived from partial or complete reconstruction of facial images. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed at comparing full face, right and left hemifacial CBCT cephalograms of orthodontic patients without clinical facial asymmetry. METHODS: The sample comprised nine clinically symmetrical patients who had pretreament full face CBCT. The CBCTs were reconstructed so as to obtain full face, right and left hemifacial cephalograms. Two observers, at two different times, obtained linear and angular measurements for the images using Dolphin 3D software. Dependent and independent t-tests were used to assess the reproducibility of measurements. Analysis of Variance and Kruskal-Wallis tests were used to compare the variables obtained in the CBCT derived cephalometric views. RESULTS: There was good reproducibility for CBCT scans and no statistically significant differences between measurements of full face, right and left hemifacial CBCT scans. CONCLUSIONS: Cephalometric measurements in full face, right and left hemifacial CBCT scans in clinically symmetrical patients are similar. .


INTRODUÇÃO: uma das vantagens da tomografia computadorizada de feixe cônico (TCFC) é a possibilidade de obtenção da imagem da telerradiografia em norma lateral convencional, por reconstruir parcial ou totalmente a face em uma visão sagital. OBJETIVO: o presente estudo teve como objetivo comparar as imagens de cefalogramas obtidas da face total e das hemifaces direita e esquerda por meio de TCFC, em pacientes sem assimetria clinica. MÉTODOS: a amostra foi composta por nove pacientes, clinicamente simétricos, que tinham em seus prontuários TCFC de face total. Os exames tomográficos foram reformatados para a obtenção de cefalogramas de face total e hemifaces direita e esquerda. Dois observadores, em dois momentos diferentes, obtiveram medidas lineares e angulares dessas imagens, utilizando o software Dolphin 3D. Testes t dependentes e independentes foram utilizados para verificar a reprodutibilidade das medidas nas imagens. Análise de variância (ANOVA) e o teste de Kruskal-Wallis foram utilizados para comparar as variáveis obtidas nas análises cefalométricas. RESULTADOS: houve boa reprodutibilidade para as imagens de TCFC e não houve diferença estatisticamente significante entre as medidas cefalométricas obtidas de cefalogramas de face total, hemifaces direita e esquerda. CONCLUSÕES: medidas cefalométricas obtidas de cefalogramas de face total, hemifaces direita e esquerda em pacientes clinicamente simétricos são semelhantes. .


Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Poverty , Smoking Cessation/economics , Smoking Cessation/psychology , Smoking/economics , Taxes , Tobacco Products/economics , Commerce/legislation & jurisprudence , Louisiana , Smoking/epidemiology , Smoking/legislation & jurisprudence
7.
Yonsei Medical Journal ; : 295-299, 2015.
Article in English | WPRIM | ID: wpr-177517

ABSTRACT

Worksite smoking cessation programs offer accessibility of the target population, availability of occupational health support, and the potential for peer pressure and peer support. The purpose of this study was to identify the efficacy of the financial incentives given to various teams in the workplace. St. Paul's Hospital's employees were enrolled. Each team of employees consisted of smoking participants and non-smoking fellow workers from the same department. The financial incentive of 50000 won (about $45) was rewarded to the team for each successful participant-not to individual members-after the first week and then after one month. If the smokers in the team remained abstinent for a longer time period, the team was given an incentive of 100000 won for each successful participant after 3 and 6 months. A total 28 smoking participants and 6 teams were enrolled. Self-reported abstinence rates validated by urinary cotinine test at 3, 6, and 12 months after the initial cessation were 61%, 54%, and 50%, respectively. Smokers with high nicotine dependence scores or those who began participation 1 month after enrollment initiation had a lower abstinence rate at 3 months, but not at 6 and 12 months. Participants who succeeded at smoking cessation at 12 months were more likely to be older and have a longer smoking duration history. The financial incentives given to teams could be promising and effective to improve long-term rates of smoking cessation. This approach could use peer pressure and peer support in the workplace over a longer period.


Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Demography , Health Promotion/economics , Motivation , Program Evaluation/methods , Smoking Cessation/economics , Treatment Outcome , Workplace
8.
Rev. salud pública ; 16(5): 661-673, set.-oct. 2014. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-743928

ABSTRACT

Objetivo Revisar la eficacia y seguridad de medicamentos para cesación del tabaquismo en el contexto de construcción de guías de práctica clínica (GPC). Métodos Revisión sistemática de GPC para adaptación mediante ADAPTE. Los desenlaces fueron cesación ≥6 meses y seguridad de las intervenciones. Las GPC se calificaron por pares con DELBI. Se extrajeron resultados de estudios agregativos incluidos en las guías seleccionadas. Resultados Los fármacos duplican la cesación comparados con placebo (tasas de 25,0 % hasta 27,0 % al combinarse con consejería). Los mayores incrementos en cesación se obtienen con ansiolíticos y antidepresivos (8,7% a 19,4%), y los menores con terapia de reemplazo nicotínico -TRN- (5,2% a 12,9%). La nortriptilina tiene eficacia similar al bupropion (aproximadamente 10,0 %). Con limitadas excepciones (parche e inhalador, tabletas y bupropion), las combinaciones de medicamentos no incrementan la abstinencia. Conclusiones TRN, vareniclina, bupropion y nortriptilina son eficaces para dejar de fumar. Las combinaciones de medicamentos requieren más evidencia y deberían restringirse a personas con alta dependencia o con falla terapéutica inicial. Serían deseables análisis de costo-efectividad para valorar implementación de programas en países en desarrollo.


Objective To review the efficacy and safety of pharmacotherapy for smoking cessation in the context of clinical practice guidelines (CPG). Methods A systematic review of CPGs was conducted, aimed at adapting recommendations for Colombia following the ADAPTE methodology. Outcomes comprised 6-months or higher smoking cessation rates and intervention safety. CPGs were peer-assessed based on DELBI. Results from aggregative studies included in selected CPGs were obtained. Results Pharmacotherapy doubles smoking cessation rates as compared with placebos (rates @25% and up to 27 % when combined with counseling). The highest efficacy was observed for ansyolitic and antidepressive drugs (8.7 % to 19.4 %), and the lowest for nicotine replacement therapy -NRT- (5.2 % to 12.9 %). Nortriptiline shows an efficacy similar to that of bupropion (@10%). With limited exceptions, combined pharmacotherapy for smoking cessation has shown no significant increase in cessation rates. Conclusions NRT, varenicline, bupropion and nortriptiline are effective treatments for smoking cessation. Combination of drugs deserves further clinical evidence and should be restricted to highly dependent smokers or initial therapeutic failure. Cost-effectiveness analyses might help to introduce smoking cessation programs in low and middle income countries.


Subject(s)
Humans , Practice Guidelines as Topic , Smoking Cessation , Tobacco Use Cessation Devices , Anti-Anxiety Agents/adverse effects , Anti-Anxiety Agents/therapeutic use , Antidepressive Agents/adverse effects , Antidepressive Agents/therapeutic use , Arrhythmias, Cardiac/chemically induced , Bupropion/adverse effects , Bupropion/therapeutic use , Chest Pain/chemically induced , Clonidine/adverse effects , Clonidine/therapeutic use , Colombia , Cost-Benefit Analysis , Drug Administration Routes , Drug Eruptions/etiology , Drug Therapy, Combination , Gastrointestinal Diseases/chemically induced , Mucositis/chemically induced , Nortriptyline/adverse effects , Nortriptyline/therapeutic use , Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders/chemically induced , Smoking Cessation/economics , Smoking Cessation/methods , Tobacco Use Cessation Devices/adverse effects , Tobacco Use Cessation Devices/economics , Treatment Outcome , Varenicline/adverse effects , Varenicline/therapeutic use
9.
Rev. cuba. salud pública ; 40(3)jul.-set. 2014.
Article in Spanish | LILACS, CUMED | ID: lil-717250

ABSTRACT

Introducción: caracterizar mediante estudios de mercado el consumo de cigarrillos y su relación con precio y formas de comercialización, aporta elementos necesarios para fundamentar propuestas de políticas públicas que tributen a la reducción del tabaquismo y al bienestar de la población. Objetivos: describir el consumo de cigarrillos en el 2013 en relación con el del 2012, su correspondencia con precio y formas de comercialización así como caracterizar el mercado de cigarrillos y su segmentación. Métodos: estudio observacional descriptivo, con datos agregados de series temporales. Resultados: el consumo per cápita de cigarrillos en 2013 en relación con el del 2012 creció 4,8 por ciento, el precio promedio se incrementó 1,7 por ciento derivado del aumento de las ventas en pesos cubanos convertibles, aunque sin impacto en el consumo; el mercado en pesos cubanos, siguió siendo el preferido para la adquisición de cigarrillos por la población cubana y la marca Criollo fue la más solicitada. Conclusiones: el aumento en el consumo de cigarrillos en el 2013 en comparación con el 2012 pudiera tomarse como el inicio de una nueva tendencia creciente, donde se mantiene la preferencia por el mercado en pesos cubanos. No incrementar los precios en proporciones que regulen la demanda, unido al crecimiento de los ingresos en algunos segmentos de la población, constituyen factores económicos favorecedores al consumo por la población cubana. La segmentación del mercado ofrece los argumentos para la elaboración de una estrategia de reducción de la demanda(AU)


Introduction: the market study-based characterization of cigarette consumption and its relationship with prices and ways of marketing may provide necessary elements to support the public policies for the reduction of smoking and the improved wellbeing of the population. Objectives: to describe the consumption of cigarettes in 2013 in comparison with that of 2012, its relationship with prices and ways of marketing and to characterize the cigarette market and segmentation. Methods: observational and descriptive study using time series aggregate data. Results: the per capita cigarette consumption in 2013 increased by 4.8 percent if compared with that of 2012; the average price grew by 1.7 percent resulting from higher sales in Cuban convertible pesos with no significant impact on the consumption; the cigarette market in Cuban pesos remains the first choice for the Cuban population whereas Criollo brand is the most requested. Conclusions: the rise of cigarette consumption in 2013 after a comparison with that of 2012 may be considered as the starting of a new growing tendency that keeps the choice of purchasing cigarettes with the national currency. The increase of prices in such amounts that do not control demand and the rise of the incomes of some Cuban population segments are encouraging economic factors for smoking. The market segmentation provides the required arguments for drawing up a cigarette demand-reducing strategy(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Smoking Cessation/economics , Consumption of Tobacco-Derived Products , Cuba , Prospective Payment System , Epidemiology, Descriptive , Observational Studies as Topic
10.
Cad. saúde pública ; 29(3): 485-495, Mar. 2013. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-668897

ABSTRACT

Increasing the effectiveness of smoking cessation policies requires greater consideration of the cultural and socioeconomic complexities of smoking. The purpose of this paper is to explore the association between socioeconomic status and "selected midpoints" linked to smoking cessation in Brazil. Data was collected from a representative sample of urban adult smokers as part of the ITC-Brazil Survey (2009, N = 1,215). After controlling for age and gender, there were no statistically significant differences quit attempts in the last six months between individuals with different socioeconomic status. However, smokers with high socioeconomic status visited a doctor 1.54 times more often than those with low socioeconomic status (p-value = 0.017), and were also 1.65 times more likely to receive advice to quit smoking (p-value = 0.025). Our results demonstrate that disparities in health and socioeconomic status are still a major challenge for policymakers to increase the population impact of tabacco control actions worldwide.


O aumento da efetividade das políticas voltadas para a cessação ao fumo requer um maior entendimento das questões culturais e socioeconômicas que fazem parte do universo dos fumantes. O objetivo deste artigo é explorar a associação entre status socioeconômico e "pontos intermediários selecionados" relacionados à cessação de fumar no Brasil. Com base na pesquisa ITC-Brasil, foram coletadas informações de uma amostra representativa da população urbana adulta de fumantes (2009, N = 1.215). Após ajustar por idade e sexo, não foram encontradas diferenças estatisticamente significativas nas tentativas de parar nos últimos 6 meses segundo status socioeconômico. Entretanto, fumantes com elevado status socioeconomico visitaram um médico 1,54 vez a mais do que aqueles com baixo status socioeconômico (p = 0,017) e também receberam 1,65 vez mais aconselhamento para parar de fumar (p = 0,025). Os achados indicam que disparidades entre saúde e status socioeconômico ainda representam um desafio para os gestores no sentido de aumentar o impacto populacional das ações de controle do tabaco no mundo.


El aumento de la efectividad de las políticas dirigidas a la prohibición del tabaco requiere un mayor entendimiento de cuestiones culturales y socioeconómicas, que forman parte del universo de los fumadores. El objetivo de este artículo es explorar la asociación entre status socioeconómico y "puntos intermedios seleccionados", relacionados con la prohibición del tabaco en Brasil. En base a la investigación ITC-Brasil, se recogió información de una muestra representativa de la población urbana adulta de fumadores (2009, N = 1.215), tras ajustarla por edad y sexo, no se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas en las tentativas de dejar de fumar en los últimos 6 meses según el status socioeconómico. No obstante, los fumadores con un elevado status socioeconómico visitaron un médico 1,54 veces más que aquellos con un bajo status socioeconómico (p = 0,017) y también recibieron 1,65 veces más asesoría para dejar de fumar (p = 0,025). Los hallazgos indican que las disparidades entre salud y status socioeconómico todavía representan un desafío para los gestores con el fin de aumentar el impacto poblacional de las acciones de control del tabaco en el mundo.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Smoking , Smoking Cessation , Socioeconomic Factors , Brazil/epidemiology , Health Policy , Health Services Accessibility , Population Surveillance , Prevalence , Smoking Cessation/economics , Smoking Cessation/statistics & numerical data , Smoking/epidemiology , Smoking/prevention & control , Smoking/psychology
11.
Salud pública Méx ; 54(3): 213-224, mayo-jun. 2012. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-626693

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: Identificar factores socioeconómicos, demográficos, historia de tabaquismo y contextuales asociados con el deseo de dejar de fumar, estimar la disponibilidad a pagar (DAP) por tratamientos de cesación tabáquica (TCT) efectivos, e identificar sus factores asociados. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Mediante la Encuesta Global de Tabaquismo en Adultos, México 2009, caracterizamos a 1 626 fumadores. Modelos logit y de regresión lineal múltiple permitieron identificar factores asociados con el deseo de dejar de fumar y la DAP. RESULTADOS: 82.2% de los fumadores que no deseaban dejar de fumar fueron hombres. Entre quienes deseaban dejar de fumar, 49.8% fumaba diariamente y reportó más de 16 años de fumar, 57% manifestó intentos previos de cesación y 10% conocer centros de ayuda. La DAP promedio fue 2 708 MXN, destacando diferencias por nivel socioeconómico y educativo. CONCLUSIONES: Se contribuye al diseño de estrategias de cesación diferenciadas, propiciando mejoras en la respuesta del sistema de salud al combate del tabaquismo en México.


OBJECTIVE: To identify environmental, demographic and socioeconomic factors associated with the desire to quit, estimate the willingness to pay (WTP) for smoking cessation treatments (SCT) and to identify associated factors with this valuation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Using the Global Adult Tobacco Survey, Mexico 2009, we characterized 1 626 smokers. Logistic and multiple lineal regression models allowed to identify associated factors with the desire to quit and the WTP for SCT. RESULTS: 82.2 % of the current smokers who did not want to quit were men. Between those who wanted to quit, 49.8 % had been consuming tobacco every day, for more than 16 years, 57 % had made cessation attempts in the past, and around 10% knew about the existence of centers to help quit smoking. Average WTP was 2 708 Mexican pesos (MXP), with differences by educational and socioeconomic levels. CONCLUSIONS: This evidence supports policymakers in the design of smoking cessation interventions improving national health system interventions for quit smoking.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Smoking Cessation/psychology , Cost-Benefit Analysis , Costs and Cost Analysis , Mexico , Models, Theoretical , National Health Programs/economics , Policy Making , Smoking Cessation/economics , Socioeconomic Factors , Tobacco Use Cessation Devices/economics
12.
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-135858

ABSTRACT

There are approximately 2.5 million people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) in India - the young being particularly vulnerable. The prevalence of smoking has increased in India especially among rural, lower socio-economic and illiterate men. Studies have shown that HIV-infected smokers may be at additional risk for several infectious and non-infectious complications, including malignancies and cardiovascular events. Smoking alters immunological mechanisms and suppresses host defenses in the alveolar environment. HIV-infected smokers have also been found to have a poorer response to antiretroviral therapy and a higher risk of death. HIV-infected individuals who smoke could be at a greater risk for developing TB and subsequently suffer higher morbidity and mortality than those who do not smoke. Currently available smoking cessation interventions like physician’s advice, nicotine replacement therapy and pharmacological agents like bupropion and varenicline have had varying degrees of success. Smoking cessation intervention in the HIV-infected population might be more complex because of associated psychosocial problems like drug addiction, alcoholism, depression, etc. More research including clinical trials testing the efficacy of smoking cessation interventions in HIVinfected persons is required in India. In addition to public health measures like banning smoking in public places and raising tobacco tax, comprehensive guidelines for health workers can help address this problem. Counselling on smoking cessation should be one of the main components of primary care, especially in the management of HIV-infected persons. This review highlights the importance of smoking cessation among HIV-infected persons in India.


Subject(s)
Comorbidity , HIV Infections/epidemiology , HIV Infections/immunology , Health Education , Humans , India/epidemiology , Smoking/adverse effects , Smoking/epidemiology , Smoking Cessation/economics , Smoking Cessation/methods , Tuberculosis/etiology
14.
J Indian Med Assoc ; 2005 Jan; 103(1): 42
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-99954
15.
J. bras. pneumol ; 30(2): 176-185, mar.-abr. 2004.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-360387

ABSTRACT

A gestação é uma ocasião especial para a promoção da cessação do tabagismo. A preocupação com a saúde do feto gera uma motivação extraordinária na gestante. Os resultados e a relação custo-efetividade das intervenções são melhores neste grupo do que na população em geral. Os ganhos extrapolam os benefícios à saúde da mulher, pois permitem também o desenvolvimento de um feto mais saudável. O conhecimento das peculiaridades do tabagismo durante a gestação é fundamental para uma abordagem direcionada e com maior probabilidade de sucesso. Este trabalho de revisão tem o objetivo de ressaltar a extensão dos malefícios do fumo, tanto para a mulher gestante quanto para seu feto, e estimular o uso de técnicas apropriadas para a suspensão do tabagismo nesta população.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Infant, Newborn , Smoking Cessation/economics , Pregnancy Complications/prevention & control , Tobacco Use Disorder/prevention & control , Carbon Monoxide/toxicity , Nicotine/toxicity , Tobacco Use Disorder/adverse effects
18.
J Indian Med Assoc ; 1999 Sep; 97(9): 385, 390
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-102003
19.
J Indian Med Assoc ; 1999 Sep; 97(9): 379
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-99853
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